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Writer's pictureNiger Sultana

Matsya Avatar: The Intersection of Divine and Human in Hindu Flood Mythology



Flood myths are prevalent in numerous ancient civilizations worldwide, each with its unique narrative and symbolism. These myths typically revolve around a catastrophic deluge that engulfs the world, often attributed to divine intervention or natural forces. Among these diverse flood narratives, one of the oldest and most intriguing accounts originates in Hindu mythology. While there are variations and discrepancies, this myth bears striking similarities to the story of Noah and his ark from the Judeo-Christian tradition.


Mythology of Matsya Avatar:

In Indian mythology, the flood story represents the figure of Manu, who plays a central role in the narrative. According to Hindu scriptures, there are different versions of the flood story, but the most well-known account is found in the Matsya Purana and the Satapatha Brahmana.  In the story, a deluge threatens the world, and the God Vishnu decides to save humanity by incarnating a giant fish called Matsya Avatar.


In the ancient times of yore, amidst the verdant expanse of lush land, there dwelled a venerable sage named Manu. His days were spent in devout penance and earnest prayers, seeking the benevolence of the divine. With each act of reverence, he deepened his connection to the lord of heaven, earning the favor of the celestial realms.


One serene day, as the sun cast its golden rays upon the tranquil landscape, attendants approached Manu with water for his ritual ablution. A miraculous sight unfolded before him as he cleansed his hands with the pure waters. From the depths of the liquid emerged a small fish, its shimmering scales glistening in the sunlight, and to Manu's astonishment, it spoke in the language of mortals.

"Take care of me," the fish implored, "and I shall be your savior."


Perplexed by this extraordinary encounter, Manu inquired, "From what peril do you offer me salvation?"


The fish revealed a dire prophecy of a forthcoming flood engulfing all living beings. Moved by compassion, Manu pledged to protect the fish. The fish offered guidance in gratitude: "Keep me safe in a jar until I grow too large. Then, dig a trench and place me within it. And when I outgrow the trench, take me to the ocean, where I shall be safe from harm."


As time passed, the fish grew more extensive, gradually expanding the confines of the jar and trench. True to its word, it forewarned Manu of the impending flood, instructing him to build a ship. Manu obeyed, constructing a vessel and honoring the fish's counsel.


When the floodwaters surged, Manu sought refuge in the ship, and the fish appeared, guiding him through the tumultuous currents. As the floodwaters subsided, the fish secured the vessel to a sturdy tree, ensuring Manu's safety as the ship descended from the mountain.


Upon reaching the tranquil plains below, Manu beheld the devastation wrought by the flood—the world stripped bare of life, save for him alone. In gratitude for the fish's protection, Manu offered prayers of thanks, acknowledging the divine providence that had spared him amidst the deluge.


Thus, through the guidance of a humble fish, Manu emerged as the sole survivor of the cataclysmic flood, a testament to the enduring power of faith, compassion, and divine intervention in the face of adversity.


In the accounts provided by various Purānas, including the extended version found in the "Matsya Purāna," the fish that guides Manu, people universally believed that the fish is the incarnation of Vishnu. People think that Vishnu, in the form of the fish, imparted divine knowledge and guidance, even dictating Matsya Purāna during this encounter. The Bhāgavata Purāna also recounts a period of cosmic destruction at the close of the last Kalpa, caused by the slumbering Brahmā, the creator deity. This cataclysmic event led to the dissolution of Brahmā's creations across different worlds, highlighting the cyclical nature of creation and destruction in Hindu cosmology.


Through these narratives, the Purānas emphasize the omnipresence and transcendence of the divine and the role of divine incarnations such as Vishnu in preserving and sustaining the cosmic order across the cycles of time. The story of Manu and the flood symbolizes themes of renewal, survival, and divine intervention in Hindu mythology. It underscores the cyclical nature of creation and destruction and the belief in the ultimate preservation of dharma (righteousness) through the guidance of the gods. What surprised me from the narrative is that the myth shows that even though God, the supreme power, can save the world by himself, he did not do that. He took the avatar of a fish and asked Manu to take care of him.


Even though the divine has all the energy of creation and destruction, God is asking Manu, a human, to take care of him. This narrative shows the symbiosis relationship of humans with the divine. The divine flourishes its concept through the act of humans. The divine intervention and the human action to follow the divine are equally significant in the narrative. God Vishnu preserved humanity from destruction in the form of fish, and Manu's acts of kindness supported God to continue his divinity.  The story shows a perfect combination of spirituality and humanity. The flood myth gives us insight into human cognitive imagination and the significance of storytelling in conveying the human condition on Earth and beyond. The myths serve not only as cultural artifacts but also as vehicles for exploring existential questions about life, death, and the forces of cosmology.

 


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